Expert Guest

Ryan Bowery – Subject Matter Expert

Ryan Bowery is a Principal Solutions Engineer with extensive experience in OT and ICS environments such as Petro Chemical, Manufacturing, Food & Bev, Automotive, etc.

Ryan helps companies reveal, protect, and manage their OT, IoT, and IIoT assets to provide visibility, threat detection, risk and vulnerability management, and secure remote access.

Agenda:

1. Introduction of the parties
2. Discussion Topics
   • Business challenges related to integrating IT and OT
   • Have you integrated IT with OT?
   • Is the process still ongoing?
   • What is your endgame?
   • Does OT as an organization still exist, or has IT absorbed it?
3. Conclusions
4. Networking with Peers

The post When IT Inherits OT – Sponsored by Claroty on February 20th, 2025 appeared first on IT RoundTable.

Expert Guest

Barak Schneeweiss – Subject Matter Expert

Barak has over 25 years of IT experience as a System and Networking Administrator, Integrator, and Network Architect.

In the past few years, he has specialized in full-stack network deployments and segmentation for unmanaged Medical IoT/IoT/OT and Enterprises. Most recently, Barak has enjoyed working in the cyber security space, helping companies reveal and protect xIoT assets.

Agenda:

1. Introduction of the parties
2. Discussion Topics
   • Business challenges related to integrating IT and OT
   • Have you integrated IT with OT?
   • Is the process still ongoing?
   • What is your endgame?
   • Does OT as an organization still exist, or has IT absorbed it?
3. Conclusions
4. Networking with Peers

The post When Hospital IT Inherits Clinical Engineering – Sponsored by Claroty on February 6th, 2025 appeared first on IT RoundTable.

These systems, while foundational, face numerous security challenges, making it vital to protect them from potential attacks.

When it comes to safeguarding ICS, understanding the common threats and adopting best practices is essential. By staying informed and proactive, you can help maintain the resilience of these important systems, ensuring they continue to operate safely and efficiently. 

Exploring various strategies and solutions can equip you with the knowledge to contribute to this ongoing effort.

ICS Security Explained: What Does ICS Mean?

Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are integral to the smooth operation of critical infrastructure, including water, power, and transportation systems. As these systems increasingly rely on digital technology, securing them becomes crucial. ICS security specifically addresses the protection of both the hardware and software used by these systems and their operators. 

You’re likely to encounter terms such as Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems, Distributed Control Systems (DCS), and Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) in operational technology (OT) environments, highlighting technology facilitating vital functions. Focused security measures aim to safeguard the systems and the personnel relying on them.

How Security for Industrial Control Systems Operates

Security for industrial control systems keeps the machinery running smoothly and securely by protecting processes from cyber risks. It prioritizes preventing security breaches, and during emergencies that impact safety, such as an accident, you can call emergency numbers for help. 

Secure management of these systems involves keeping your operations visible and controlled effectively. This often includes using a series of dashboards in a control room, providing critical updates on machinery status. By enhancing visibility, you can ensure the safety and efficiency of your systems without compromising cybersecurity or operational control.

Why ICS Security Matters for Business Operations

Industrial Control Systems (ICS) Security plays a vital role in ensuring your business runs smoothly. It not only safeguards the production of goods but also shields the infrastructure that your team and customers rely on daily. Ensuring robust ICS security means your operations can continue without interruptions, helping maintain operational efficiencies.

Moreover, when ICS security is effective, it protects crucial components that support national infrastructure and, by extension, national security. 

By prioritizing security measures, you help prevent service disruptions and protect employees from potential harm caused by malfunctioning equipment. This approach is not just about safety; it’s about securing the future of your business.

Strategies for Addressing ICS Security Obstacles

When dealing with Industrial Control Systems (ICS), it’s important to have a plan to handle security challenges effectively.

1. Unavailable Core System Components: To protect your operations, consider implementing an ICS security solution designed to safeguard the essential components. This approach helps ensure that interruptions are minimized and safety is maintained.
   
2. Outdated Protocols: Older systems often rely on insecure, obsolete protocols. Consider adding firewalls or physical barriers to completely isolate the asset, preventing unauthorized access. In some cases, upgrading to a new system may be necessary, even if it requires replacing functioning components.

Integrating these measures into your cybersecurity strategy can significantly reduce risks and enhance the security of your industrial operations.

Common Threats to Industrial Control Systems

Outside Influences and Direct Attacks

Your industrial OT systems are frequently targeted by hackers and other malicious individuals because they play a vital role in ensuring the safety and well-being of communities. These adversaries aim to disrupt operations, extract sensitive data, or steal valuable intellectual property. 

Implementing a multi-layered defense strategy is essential to protect essential operations. Even a brief disruption could have severe consequences for thousands of people. The attackers might be motivated by the desire for a competitive edge or deliberately damaging particular groups.

Insider Risks

In your systems, the absence of stringent access controls can pose significant risks and OT cybersecurity threats from within. An individual with improper intentions and access to your infrastructure can cause extensive damage. One principal concern is the insertion of malicious software, which could bring production to an abrupt halt. Moreover, access to your internal databases allows a malicious insider to rapidly exfiltrate vast amounts of data.

Mistakes by Personnel

It’s crucial to recognize the impact of human error in your operations. Simple misconfigurations, incorrect programming, or failure to respond to system alerts can disrupt productivity significantly. Often, these errors stem from individuals stepping in for more experienced staff and inadvertently overlooking critical details. 

Your operational stability can suffer due to these oversights, leading to potentially costly consequences. Emphasizing training and experience is key to minimizing such errors and ensuring smooth operational processes.

Best Security Practices for ICS

To enhance the security of your Industrial Control Systems (ICS), it’s essential to employ various protective measures. Control access to critical parts of your system by implementing firewalls, creating a secure barricade between machinery and your organizational networks. 

Additionally, limiting physical access for individuals who don’t require it can further safeguard your ICS devices. This can involve using physical security measures like guards or digital tools such as card readers.

Consider focusing on individual ICS elements by closing unused ports, applying necessary security updates, and emphasizing the least-privilege principle to ensure access is granted only where needed. Protect your data by ensuring its integrity during both storage and transmission. 

To avoid disruptions, integrate redundancy for crucial components, allowing production to continue even if something fails. Lastly, having a structured incident response plan is vital for quickly restoring normal operations after any disruption.

Key Strategies for Cybersecurity

1. Application Whitelisting (AWL): Implementing AWL helps prevent the execution of unauthorized applications, providing a robust barrier against malware. This is especially beneficial for static environments like databases and Human-Machine Interfaces (HMIs), where operators should collaborate with vendors to establish baseline configurations.
   
2. Configuration and Patch Management: Regularly updating systems with trusted patches is one of the OT security best practices. It’s vital for mitigating attacks. Establish a reliable configuration and patch management protocol, including maintaining asset inventories, prioritizing patches for critical systems like HMIs and servers, and minimizing external laptop access to control networks.
   
3. Reducing the Attack Surface: Isolate ICS networks from untrusted external connections, particularly the internet. Close all unused ports and services, allowing external access only when necessary for specific operational requirements. Leverage technologies like data diodes for one-way communication to enhance security where possible.
   
4. Creating a Defendable Environment: In the event of a security breach, segmenting networks into logical sections can limit damage and prevent attackers from moving laterally within systems. Encourage containment strategies and use approved removable media for data transfers to minimize exposure.
   
5. Effective Management of Authentication: Strengthening authentication processes is essential in protecting access to sensitive systems. Employ multi-factor authentication and ensure strict access controls are enacted.
   
6. Ongoing Security Monitoring: Being proactive about continuous monitoring allows for early detection of potential threats, ensuring rapid response capabilities. This includes leveraging tools for anomaly detection and threat intelligence to stay ahead of evolving cyber risks.
   
7. Establishing Robust Incident Response Plans: Develop comprehensive plans that detail immediate actions and protocols when a cyber incident occurs. This includes defining roles, communication protocols, and recovery strategies to minimize impact.

Safety Guidelines

When prioritizing the security of your Industrial Control Systems, several procedures should guide you. The NIST SP 800-82 provides critical support for your efforts, offering a framework for safe and effective practices set by the U.S. Department of Commerce. 

Additionally, you might consider ANSI/ISA A99, a standard by ANSI/ISA aimed at automating interfaces in your control systems management. Both emphasize strengthening protections and ensuring performance, helping you maintain a secure and reliable operation.

Questions About Industrial Management Systems

How is Security Handled in Industrial Management Systems?

Security for industrial management systems emphasizes protecting the devices and the software they rely on. This protection ensures that these systems run efficiently and without risk.

How Does a Network of Industrial Management Systems Work?

A network involving industrial management systems connects multiple systems to work in harmony. This setup aims to boost security measures, enhance operational efficiency, and ensure overall safety.

What Do Industrial Management Systems and Acquisition Networks Mean?

Regarding industrial management systems, it includes all systems used for managing industrial processes. Supervisory data and acquisition networks are a crucial part of this, focusing on system management through network connections and user-friendly interfaces.

The post ICS Security: Keeping Industrial Networks Safe and Sound appeared first on IT RoundTable.

This is where the fusion of advanced technologies, like machine learning and application awareness, becomes vital. Integrating these capabilities ensures that NGFWs are not just a stand-alone solution but part of a broader, more intelligent strategy to safeguard your digital assets.

With the convergence of IT and operational technology (OT) increasing, it’s crucial to adapt. Implementing advanced threat intelligence and artificial intelligence within your security framework can help bridge any gaps. 

Leveraging such integrated solutions, you are poised to effectively manage IT and OT cybersecurity risks, ensuring that your defenses are robust and responsive to the latest threats.

Implementing Advanced Firewalls in Operational Technology Networks

Incorporating next-generation firewalls in your OT networks can significantly enhance security by providing advanced filtering beyond the capabilities of traditional firewalls. 

These firewalls, known as NGFWs, are highly effective in managing the security of your operational technology environment due to their integration of features like application awareness and control. They take a proactive approach with intrusion prevention and can tie into threat intelligence to combat sophisticated threats.

To safeguard your OT network, network segmentation, and strict access control are crucial. NGFWs offer these by ensuring that sensitive segments of your network are isolated, reducing the risk of attack. This segmentation is complemented by a zero-trust approach, which continually verifies identities, allowing you to enforce policies easily. 

By employing NGFWs, you gain comprehensive network visibility and control, ensuring that potential threats are identified and managed promptly. This meticulous capability is invaluable across sectors such as utilities, oil and gas, and manufacturing.

Enhancing Your IT Cybersecurity with OT Expertise

Integrating Operational Technology (OT) security expertise within your IT cybersecurity strategy helps protect industrial infrastructure from both external and internal threats. 

To safeguard these environments, you must achieve real-time, comprehensive visibility and security tailored to the specific requirements of OT networks. Deploying solutions like next-generation firewalls (NGFWs) alongside OT-specific tools dramatically improves network visibility and control.

Effectively monitoring OT network traffic and Industrial Control System (ICS) devices requires specialized tools and technical knowledge often absent in traditional IT settings. 

Notably, NGFWs are not equipped to query ICS devices in their native languages, which is essential for identifying unauthorized changes not passing through the network, such as those via serial connections.

Maintaining an up-to-date inventory of ICS assets is crucial. Your network may involve diverse programmable logic controllers (PLCs), remote terminal units (RTUs), and distributed control systems (DCSs) from various vendors. 

Ensuring you have detailed information about the devices, including vendor, model, firmware versions, patches, and configurations, is vital for assessing risks and building an effective defense strategy.

NGFWs can seamlessly integrate with ICS asset discovery and tracking tools. This integration lets you extend security policies across IT and OT environments, strengthening your overall security posture. By tagging asset inventory details such as IP address, device type, and vendor to NGFWs, managing security becomes more efficient.

Moreover, by consolidating OT alerts and IT procedures onto a unified platform, complexity in management is reduced. This harmonization allows rapid implementation of OT-specific firewall rules, ultimately streamlining operational and industrial security efforts. Adopting this holistic approach ensures enhanced cybersecurity solutions that bridge the gap between IT and OT systems.

Real-World Applications

In today’s industrial environment, safeguarding systems like Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and Distributed Control Systems (DCS) is vital. Cyber threats pose significant risks to critical infrastructure. 

By integrating OT security with next-generation firewall (NGFW) solutions, you can effectively protect against unauthorized access to these industrial operations. Here are some practical applications:

1. Efficient Maintenance of ICS Devices
   
   Maintenance requires network access to sensitive ICS equipment. This process often involves revising the NGFW’s secure policies to allow access. Integrated solutions let you use dynamic address groups (DAG) to configure granular security policies tailored to specific devices rather than relying on static IP addresses. This ensures streamlined maintenance of critical systems such as engineering stations, even when access permissions need quick adjustments.
   
2. Secure Connectivity for ICS and IT Networks
   
   Connecting ICS networks with IT systems typically involves creating broad firewall rules that do not adapt easily to network changes. This can unnecessarily increase the potential attack surface. An integrated approach allows you to define precise rules for each asset, categorized by type or vendor, without needing detailed network knowledge or static addresses. For example, you can set specific rules to govern communication commands, ensuring secure data exchange across your OT infrastructure.
   

By leveraging integrated security solutions, you harmonize the safety of cyber-physical systems with operational efficiency, adapting seamlessly to continuous network changes. This enables industrial organizations to maintain robust defenses against evolving cyberattacks while ensuring that industrial control systems operate smoothly and securely.

Looking Forward

As you explore future possibilities in digital transformation, the seamless integration of IT and OT systems stands out. A key player like Palo Alto Networks can aid in this journey by enhancing security frameworks to protect your business from cyber threats. With the convergence of IT and OT, you can achieve a more holistic view of network activities, thus optimizing both security and operations.

Incorporating next-generation firewalls (NGFWs) into your infrastructure allows for improved visibility and control, which is essential for safeguarding critical operations. Cloud applications add another layer of flexibility, ensuring you maintain business continuity, even during disruptions.

To stay ahead, focusing on such advanced technologies contributes to a robust, secure environment. You’re not just preparing for tomorrow’s challenges but actively shaping a resilient future. This approach benefits organizations that are ready to adapt, enabling them to thrive amidst ever-evolving cyber landscapes.

The post Integrating Your OT Security with Next-Generation Firewalls: A Seamless Approach appeared first on IT RoundTable.

Knowledge in OT cybersecurity grants access to exceptionally profitable jobs and guarantees your vital involvement in safeguarding critical infrastructure.

Envision obtaining a position that tests you and compensates you well. By acquiring the appropriate skills, you can engage in this vibrant sector where your input has a substantial effect. Gaining insights into the complexities of industrial control systems and establishing strong security measures will render you a highly valuable resource.

The path to securing a leading OT cybersecurity position is filled with chances to develop and succeed. As companies understand the significance of protecting their operational technologies, the demand for experts like you keeps increasing. This fascinating area presents opportunities for personal satisfaction and professional growth, making it a thrilling journey to pursue.

Why Is OT Cybersecurity a High-Demand, High-Paying Field?

Lately, the risk environment for Operational Technology (OT) settings has notably expanded. Cyber attacks aimed at essential infrastructure such as energy networks and transport systems have surged. This is causing concern among organizations globally.

Numerous prominent cyberattacks targeting OT systems have occurred, including the Colonial Pipeline incident and the Triton malware. These occurrences emphasize the weaknesses present in OT environments and the essential requirement for strong security protocols.

Authorities are enforcing stricter regulations and compliance standards to safeguard these essential systems. This increases the need for qualified OT cybersecurity experts who are capable of managing and complying with these intricate regulatory requirements.

With the increasing demand for OT cybersecurity knowledge, compensation also grows. Experts in this domain can anticipate salary ranges starting at $100k or higher, demonstrating their specialized abilities and vital position in protecting key systems. The average salary is $132K per year. 

A position in OT cybersecurity provides not just attractive monetary rewards but also an opportunity to enhance the safety and durability of critical infrastructure. This blend of significance and benefits renders it a desirable career option.

Top 10 Skills To Land a High-Paying OT Cybersecurity Job

1. Network Security: Your ability to secure and manage networks is crucial. Protecting operational technology (OT) environments often requires specialized knowledge of industrial networks.

2. Incident Response: Being equipped to handle security incidents with swift and organized responses enhances your value. You’ll need to minimize damage and recover operations quickly.

3. Communication: It’s necessary to collaborate with stakeholders and convey intricate security matters clearly.

4. Risk Management: It is essential to identify, assess, and reduce risks in OT systems. Strong risk management skills help you prevent potential security breaches.

5. Security Frameworks and Policies: Familiarity with established frameworks such as NIST or ISO and implementing strong security policies are essential. These guide your strategies in protecting OT environments.

6. Regulatory Standards: Following these guidelines guarantees that your organization stays compliant and safe.

7. Data Protection: Protecting sensitive information in OT environments is a high priority. You will require methods to stop data breaches and unauthorized entry.

8. Scripting and Automation: Skill in scripting can facilitate task automation and enhance process efficiency. This skill aids in vulnerability assessments and system monitoring.

9. Threat Knowledge and Vulnerability Assessment: Stay up to date about the latest OT cyber security threats and vulnerabilities to anticipate and address potential big problems.

10. Critical Thinking and Security Architecture: Evaluating complex security structures and making strategic decisions requires solid critical thinking skills. Designing robust security architectures is vital to protect OT systems effectively.

Understanding of Industrial Control Systems (ICS)

Industrial Control Systems (ICS) have a great impact on OT environments. They guarantee the smooth and effective functioning of essential infrastructure as well as industrial operations. To land a lucrative position in OT cybersecurity, you have to know ICS.

For this, study systems such as SCADA, DCS, and PLCs. SCADA systems emphasize real-time oversight and management, Distributed Control Systems (DCS) oversee operations over vast industrial regions, and Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) execute particular automated functions. Each of these systems contributes uniquely to the industrial landscape.

Developing a deep knowledge of ICS involves pursuing online courses and obtaining certifications. Programs like ICS-CERT offer specialized training and are a good start for honing your skills. Engaging with these resources boosts your theoretical understanding and provides practical insights.

Enhance your education by engaging in practical labs and workshops, providing valuable experiences. Engaging actively will reinforce your knowledge and equip you to tackle real-life issues in ICS security.

A gentle reminder: keeping up with the newest trends and methods in ICS security helps you stay competitive in the industry. Maintaining your skills updated and pertinent is crucial for succeeding in a changing cybersecurity environment.

Network Security for OT Environments

In OT environments, network security is at the forefront of protecting systems that manage industrial operations. Unlike IT networks, OT networks have unique protocols such as Modbus and OPC. These protocols require specialized security measures.

To protect these environments, you should implement network segmentation. This means dividing your OT network into smaller parts to limit potential threats’ spread.

Why is this important? Securing both IT and OT networks ensures seamless and secure operations. Breaches in one can affect the other, so integrated security is key.

To build expertise in network security for OT, consider pursuing certifications. Cisco offers courses that can enhance your skills in networking. Additionally, CompTIA Network+ is a good starting point for general networking foundations.

For OT-specific knowledge, engage with dedicated training programs focusing on industrial protocols. This way, you’ll be prepared to handle the unique challenges OT environments pose.

Investing in specialized OT security solutions can further strengthen your defenses. These tools are designed to address the distinct risks inherent in OT networks.

Knowledge of Cybersecurity Frameworks & Standards (NIST, ISA/IEC 62443)

Employers greatly appreciate your understanding of cybersecurity frameworks and standards such as NIST and ISA/IEC 62443. These standards offer strong guidelines for ensuring cybersecurity in operational technology (OT) settings.

The NIST Cybersecurity Framework gives you a thorough strategy for cybersecurity. This is of great use for organizations that want to handle and reduce risks. It’s comprehensive, which makes it suitable for different industries. Yes. Plus, your skills will be recognized all over the world.

On the contrary, ISA/IEC 62443 focuses on industrial automation and control systems (aka IACS). This set of standards specifies the requirements for developing secure industrial processes and is crucial for those involved with control systems.

Risk Assessment & Management

When diving into OT cybersecurity, risk assessment, and management become your best friends. Recognizing and mitigating risks is crucial in the unique landscape of operational technology.

Firstly, identify potential vulnerabilities. This involves using methodologies like risk assessments to understand and score vulnerabilities. Penetration testing is another vital method for spotting weaknesses in your systems.

Risk assessment isn’t just about identifying threats—it’s about managing them. You might use threat modeling to predict potential attack paths. This approach allows you to strategize around possible security breaches.

Consider tools that simplify risk management. For OT environments, software designed specifically for industrial control systems (ICS) can be invaluable. These tools help you automate parts of the assessment process, saving you time and effort.

Expanding your knowledge is also crucial. Resources like online courses and certifications in risk management in OT can sharpen your skills and provide a deeper understanding of the field. They prepare you to face the challenges of securing complex OT infrastructures.

Cultivating risk assessment and management skills equips you to protect your OT environment proactively. These capabilities will ensure secure and stable operations as you advance in this field.

Incident Response & Forensics in OT

In Operational Technology (OT) security, thorough incident response and forensics are crucial to ensure the integrity and availability of critical infrastructures like power plants and water treatment facilities.

When cyberattacks hit OT systems, quick response is necessary to minimize disruptions. Unlike IT, OT prioritizes the safety and reliability of industrial processes, making response procedures unique.

Key Differences for OT:

• Priority on Safety: OT systems require maintaining physical safety and operational continuity over immediate data integrity.
• Legacy Systems: Many OT environments rely on older systems that may lack modern security features.

Tools and Training:
Proper training in incident response and forensics tools specifically designed for OT is essential. Consider courses like SANS ICS, which offer hands-on experience tailored to industrial settings.

Ensuring your team is well-trained in the latest OT-specific techniques can significantly enhance your organization’s ability to handle security incidents effectively.

Collaboration and Communication Skills

In OT cybersecurity, your ability to work effectively with diverse teams is crucial. Collaborating with engineers, IT teams, and leadership requires a combination of soft skills. Each group has unique perspectives, and your role involves aligning these views toward a common goal.

Active listening is vital. When discussing technical issues, ensure you understand and consider everyone’s input. This approach not only fosters mutual respect but also enhances problem-solving.

Communicating complex cybersecurity concepts to non-technical stakeholders can be challenging. You need to translate technical language into clear, straightforward terms. This skill is essential when advocating for security measures.

In high-pressure OT environments, effective communication becomes a cornerstone of success.  It can bridge potential gaps between different departments, ensuring goals are met efficiently.

Tips for Effective Communication:

• Maintain eye contact during discussions to show engagement.
• Keep your messages concise and free of jargon.
• Encourage questions to clarify complex points.

Developing both collaboration and communication skills will help you navigate the intricate landscape of OT cybersecurity. The ability to convey ideas and solutions effectively is what distinguishes a competent cybersecurity professional from the rest.

Knowledge of Compliance and Regulatory Requirements

Understanding compliance and regulatory requirements is crucial for any OT cybersecurity role. Regulations such as NERC CIP in the energy sector and HIPAA in healthcare ensure the security and privacy of critical infrastructure and sensitive data.

Employers seek candidates who are well-versed in these regulations to prevent costly violations and enhance organizational resilience. 

To stay updated, you can follow key regulatory bodies, join industry forums, and pursue relevant certifications like CISA or CISM. Engaging with resources and networks helps you remain informed about the latest compliance trends and updates.

Vulnerability Management for Legacy Systems

Managing vulnerabilities in legacy systems can be like finding a needle in a haystack. These systems often need to be updated and can’t be upgraded easily, making them vulnerable to various cyber threats. Your job is to identify these risks and take steps to mitigate them.

Vulnerability assessment tools designed specifically for operational technology (OT) are crucial. These tools help you discover weaknesses in your systems. Using them regularly can help keep your legacy systems secure by providing a clear picture of potential threats.

Patch management plays a vital role in maintaining security. Patching may seem challenging in OT environments, especially with systems that have limited updates available. Regularly applying patches where possible is essential to close security gaps.

Creating a schedule for vulnerability assessments and patch management can help you stay on top of potential issues. Document your findings and actions taken to ensure you have a record of all security measures implemented.

Collaborate with other teams to address vulnerabilities promptly. Communication and teamwork are key to keeping legacy systems as secure as possible in a constantly evolving threat landscape.

Understanding of Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS)

In the realm of operational technology (OT), an understanding of Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS) is crucial. RTOS are designed to manage hardware resources and provide timely execution of tasks, making them a vital component in industrial and automation settings. They ensure that critical operations are conducted with precision and reliability.

Why it Matters: In OT environments, timely data processing is key to maintaining seamless operations. Delays can lead to significant disruptions. RTOS helps in managing the timing constraints necessary for industrial automation, robotics, and embedded systems, ensuring everything functions smoothly.

Common Examples:

• VxWorks: Often used in aerospace, defense, and industrial control systems.
• FreeRTOS: Popular in embedded devices across various industries.
• QNX: Known for medical devices and automotive systems.

These examples highlight the widespread use of RTOS across different domains.

Developing Your Skills: To enhance your capabilities in RTOS, engaging in specialized training programs can be beneficial. Certifications like Certified Real-Time Systems Developer can significantly boost your expertise. These programs typically offer hands-on experience with different RTOS and their applications in the field.

Investing time in learning these systems will position you for success in high-paying OT cybersecurity roles. Understanding how they integrate with various hardware can set you apart in the competitive job market, making you a valuable asset to any team.

Familiarity with OT-Specific Security Tools

When aiming for a high-paying OT cybersecurity role, knowledge of OT-specific tools is key. Tools like Nozomi Networks and Dragos help you monitor and protect operational technology environments, which are distinctly different from traditional IT settings. These tools are designed to guard critical infrastructure by identifying potential threats and vulnerabilities unique to these systems.

Hands-on experience with security monitoring, detection, and response tools is invaluable. Experimenting with these tools in a lab setting can give you a practical edge when handling real-world scenarios. It’s important to approach this as a continuous learning opportunity because the landscape of OT security constantly evolves.

To build your skills, engage with resources such as online courses, webinars, and workshops focused on OT security tools. Many platforms offer simulations and demo environments where you can practice without risk. It’s crucial to explore these resources to stay current and enhance your practical understanding.

How to Develop These Skills: A Step-by-Step Guide

To prepare for a high-paying OT cybersecurity job, focus on structured learning and practical experience.

1. Start with Certifications. Explore certifications such as the Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) and Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH). Consider courses from SANS ICS and GIAC to further boost your credentials.
   
2. Engage in Online Courses. Enroll in specialized cybersecurity courses available on platforms like Coursera or Udacity. These courses often include practical components that are invaluable.
   
3. Gain Hands-On Experience. Seek out OT cybersecurity internships or participate in labs. Such experiences are essential for understanding the nuances of real-world scenarios.
   
4. Join Professional Networks. Connect with others in the field through LinkedIn groups, OT cybersecurity forums, or by attending industry events. Networking can provide guidance and open up job opportunities.
   
5. Practice Independent Projects. Devise your own projects to solve cybersecurity challenges. This not only hones your skills but also impresses potential employers.
   
6. Regularly Update Your Skills. Security threats evolve, so it’s important to stay updated. Follow cybersecurity news and updates to keep your skills relevant.
   

FAQs 

What is the average salary of an OT cybersecurity professional?

Salaries for OT cybersecurity professionals can vary widely based on experience, location, and specific industry, but on average, OT cybersecurity experts can expect to earn between $100,000 and $160,000 per year. 

Senior roles, such as OT cybersecurity architects or managers, can command salaries upwards of $180,000 or more, particularly in high-demand industries like energy, utilities, and manufacturing. Additionally, specialized certifications and experience with niche OT systems can further increase earning potential.

How long does it take to become proficient in OT cybersecurity?

The time it takes to become proficient in OT cybersecurity depends on your prior experience. If you already have a background in IT or cybersecurity, transitioning to OT security could take 6 to 12 months of focused learning and hands-on experience, particularly in areas like Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and SCADA. 

For those starting from scratch, it may take 2 to 3 years to gain a solid foundation, including relevant certifications (e.g., ISA/IEC 62443) and experience in OT environments.

To accelerate the learning process, professionals can take part in specialized OT cybersecurity training programs, attend industry conferences, and gain hands-on experience through internships or labs.

What certifications are best for OT cybersecurity?

Several certifications are highly valued in the OT cybersecurity field:

• Global Industrial Cyber Security Professional (GICSP): Designed for professionals responsible for both IT and OT security in critical infrastructures.
• Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP): Although broader in scope, CISSP covers many fundamental aspects of cybersecurity that are applicable in OT environments.
• ISA/IEC 62443 Certifications: A series of certifications based on international standards for OT cybersecurity, highly regarded by employers in the industrial sectors.
• SANS ICS (Industrial Control Systems) Certifications: Focused training and certifications specifically for OT environments, including incident response and vulnerability management in ICS.
• Certified SCADA Security Architect (CSSA): Specialized certification focusing on securing SCADA systems, a key component of many OT environments.

These certifications, combined with hands-on experience, can significantly boost your employability and salary potential in OT cybersecurity.

The post Top 10 Skills You Need to Land a High-Paying OT Cyber Security Job appeared first on IT RoundTable.

OT environments differ from conventional IT security. Outdated devices, intricate networks, and essential infrastructure form an ideal scenario for possible assaults.

Envision the control system of a power plant abruptly losing power. Or a production line coming to a stop. These aren’t fictional scenarios. There are genuine dangers hidden within OT networks.

This manual will explain operational technology. We will examine its weaknesses and distinct difficulties. You’ll discover how organizations safeguard their most vital systems.

What Is Operational Technology?

Operational technology (OT) refers to the hardware and software that identifies or instigates a change by directly monitoring and/or controlling industrial equipment, assets, processes, and events.

The phrase has become recognized to illustrate the technological and operational distinctions between conventional information technology (IT) systems and the industrial control systems environment, referred to as “IT in non-carpeted areas.”

Most Common OT Systems:

• SCADA Systems: The sensory systems of industrial networks. They capture real-time data from complex environments.
• Distributed Control Systems (DCS): Picture a brain overseeing various industrial sites at the same time. That’s DCS at work.
• Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs): These act as the digital controllers for industrial equipment. They meticulously manage and automate machinery.

OT systems interact directly with the physical world. They enable you to manage everything from small engine control units (ECUs) to large distributed networks, like those in power grids. 

Unlike IT, which handles data and applications, OT is all about controlling and monitoring physical processes. This distinction is important as the convergence of OT and IT presents new challenges and opportunities.

When you work with OT, security is a top priority. The safety and integrity of these systems makes it possible to maintain operations and protect infrastructure. By understanding OT, you become better equipped to handle the complexities of modern industrial environments.

Examples of Operational Technology

• Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs): They are used in manufacturing plants to automate equipment on production lines. They make operations precise.
• Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Systems (SCADA): They monitor and control processes in water treatment facilities, power plants, and factories.
• Distributed Control Systems (DCS): DCS manage complex processes in industrial facilities like chemical plants to secure smooth and safe operations.
• Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Systems: These control machine tools (lathes and mills) make customized part production seamless.
• Scientific Equipment: Digital oscilloscopes are used for diagnostics and research in labs.

Building automation systems (BAS) are designed to control environments in large facilities. You’ll find Building Management Systems (BMS) in smart building applications, optimizing lighting and energy usage. They also enhance security and safety.

In the transportation sector, OT is essential for running systems like traffic signals and train control systems. These transportation systems ensure efficiency and safety for daily commutes.

OT is also prominent in medical devices, supporting life-saving operations and patient monitoring systems. In oil and gas industries, operational technologies manage critical tasks, driving efficiency and maintaining safety protocols.

Whether it’s the lights in your building or the machines in a factory, these OT examples illustrate the significant impact of technology in our daily lives.

Origins

• The term Operational Technology (OT) was first publicly introduced in September 2006 at the Gartner Energy and Utilities IT Summit.
• Initially, OT described power utility control systems but soon expanded to other industrial sectors.
• The increasing overlap of IT and OT systems was a key driver in the term’s adoption.
• This evolution highlighted the shift to complex software systems reliant on IT infrastructure, termed IT-OT convergence.
• The concept became essential for integrating physical asset management with data-driven business operations.
• Industrial technology leaders like GE, Hitachi, and Siemens offer operational technology (OT) platforms that have evolved from hardware-oriented to software-focused solutions. 

Why Is Operational Technology Important?

Operational Technology (OT) is crucial in sectors dependent on machinery and infrastructure, such as manufacturing and utilities, ensuring seamless and effective operations. 

Efficiency stands as a core element in OT systems, automating and optimizing processes to decrease the time and resources required for task completion. Consequently, this results in cost reductions and heightened productivity levels.

OT enhances safety by monitoring and controlling environments. In critical sectors such as energy and transportation, ensuring safety prevents accidents and safeguarding both personnel and resources. Safety measures also facilitate compliance with industry standards and regulations.

Another benefit is improved decision making. OT systems provide real-time data, allowing you to make informed decisions quickly. Access to accurate data helps in adjusting operations to meet demands and improve outcomes.

Operational Technology also facilitates maintenance through predictive and preventive measures. Through continuous system monitoring, Operational Technology (OT) can proactively detect potential failures before they occur, reducing downtime and prolonging equipment lifespan. 

The integration of OT with Information Technology (IT) due to the advancement of smart technologies presents new avenues for innovation. This convergence creates opportunities for more sophisticated solutions that can further optimize industrial efficiency and productivity. 

OT Fundamentals

Foundational to industrial automation, Operational Technology (OT) plays a crucial role in enabling the management and oversight of physical-world-interacting equipment.

This technological domain includes many elements like sensors, actuators, and controllers, prevalent in settings such as manufacturing plants and utilities. Integral to automation are 

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) and Distributed Control Systems (DCS). PLCs function as resilient computing systems executing real-time control in challenging environments, while DCS facilitates centralized monitoring and coordination across diverse plant sectors. 

Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) and Human-Machine Interfaces (HMIs) elevate the human interaction with industrial systems. RTUs gather and relay data to control systems, whereas HMIs furnish operators with interfaces to oversee processes effectively, ensuring seamless operations.

Communication in OT systems relies on specific protocols that ensure seamless data exchange between devices. This includes communication with PLCs and RTUs to maintain efficient operations.

Your understanding of OT must cover the entire ecosystem, from hardware components to the communication protocols. Familiarizing yourself with these systems helps in implementing effective control and monitoring, leading to improved operation efficiency and reliability.

OT Systems and Environments

Operational Technology (OT) systems play a crucial role in various sectors like industrial control, transportation, and utilities. These systems are vital as they directly interact with and manage physical processes through hardware and software.

In OT environments, you’ll find industrial control systems that rely heavily on connected networks. These networks link OT components to ensure smooth operations and enable remote management.

Types of systems in OT environments:

• Physical environment monitoring systems: Keep track of conditions such as temperature and humidity.
• Physical environment measurement systems: Gather data on factors like pressure or flow in a process.
• Physical access control systems: Ensure only authorized personnel can interact with critical infrastructure.

With growing connectivity, OT systems must stay secure. Like IT systems, they face cybersecurity challenges, but the stakes can be higher. Compromised systems may put essential services or critical infrastructure at risk.

As you explore OT systems, it’s essential to consider the balance between connectivity and security. Friendly tools and protocols are vital in managing these interconnected systems without compromising safety.

In this field, you’ll find that successfully managing OT environments involves a mix of understanding the digital systems that drive operations and the physical components they control. The effective collaboration between these aspects is key to successful and secure operations in OT environments.

Industrial Control Systems (ICS)

When you think of Industrial Control Systems (ICS), imagine the essential components that help industries run smoothly and safely. ICS are crucial for managing and operating industrial machines and equipment in various sectors.

These systems gather data and monitor processes in industries like manufacturing, energy, and transportation.

ICS include hardware and software monitoring tools that communicate with each other to ensure everything functions properly. These tools help control electric grids, manufacturing plants, and other vital infrastructures.

Security is a significant concern for ICS, as these systems are often at risk of cyber attacks. Implementing measures like strong authentication, access controls, and continuous monitoring is vital for protecting your ICS environment.

You must focus on regular risk assessments and network segmentation to enhance the security of industrial control systems. This proactive approach helps identify vulnerabilities and protect against unauthorized access.

Understanding these elements will help you appreciate the role ICS play in maintaining operational efficiency and safety in industrial environments.

OT Security: What Is Operational Technology Security?

Operational Technology (OT) security involves safeguarding the systems that control and monitor physical operations, like those in manufacturing and power plants. Unlike IT systems, where data security is the main focus, OT places a strong emphasis on reliability and safety.

Key Components of OT Security:

1. System Availability: Ensuring that OT systems are always operational is crucial for uninterrupted industrial processes.
2. Protocol Protection: OT environments use specific protocols that require specialized security measures to prevent unauthorized access.
3. Attack Prevention: Many OT systems use legacy technology, which can be vulnerable to cyber threats.

Challenges in OT Security:

• Direct Impact on Physical Operations: OT interacts directly with physical devices, making any security breach potentially more dangerous.
• Convergence of IT and OT: The blending of traditional IT networks with OT networks introduces new security challenges.

Understanding these aspects helps you grasp the importance of robust security measures for protecting OT systems from evolving threats. Keeping both safety and efficiency in mind is essential when dealing with OT cybersecurity.

Operational Technology Challenges

When dealing with operational technology (OT), several challenges arise that can impact functionality and security. These issues range from dealing with outdated systems to managing cybersecurity risks in an interconnected environment.

Legacy Issues

You’re often dealing with legacy systems that are outdated yet critical to operations. These older systems might not be designed to integrate with modern OT environments, leading to compatibility challenges. Updating these systems can be costly and require specialized expertise that you might find hard to source.

Integrating these legacy systems with new technology often involves significant time and resource investments. Their long-term maintenance can be a drain on finances and personnel, as they are prone to obsolescence and vulnerabilities.

Cybersecurity Risks

One of the biggest challenges in OT is safeguarding systems against cybersecurity threats. These systems, especially those connected to the internet, are vulnerable to cyberattacks, malware, and unauthorized access. Ensuring security involves regular updates and monitoring to protect against breaches.

Your systems may face risks from sophisticated cyber threats that can cause downtime or data loss. Implementing robust cybersecurity measures is crucial to mitigate such risks, involving risk management strategies and real-time threat detection tools.

Knowledge Gaps

With OT, there’s often a gap between the skills your current staff has and what’s needed to manage new systems effectively. Specialists in IT and OT are required to bridge this divide, which means training your existing workforce or hiring personnel with specific skill sets.

Finding people who can competently manage these dual aspects can be a challenge. This gap can lead to inefficiencies and even operational risks if not addressed strategically, impacting your ability to respond to technical issues promptly.

Update And Patch Management

Keeping OT systems updated is vital to ensure they function correctly and securely. Yet, managing updates and patches can be daunting, requiring coordination across diverse systems and applications. If patches are not applied promptly, your systems face increased vulnerabilities.

Regularly scheduled maintenance is essential for reducing system downtime and ensuring operational continuity. You may need to invest in tools and procedures that streamline this process, helping avoid service interruptions and potential security vulnerabilities.

Top OT Cybersecurity Threats

Human Error and Insider Threats
You might be surprised, but human error is a significant threat to OT systems. Mistakes can lead to unintended access or mishandling of sensitive controls. Insider threats, whether intentional or accidental, can further compromise security, so mitigating these risks is crucial.

External Threats to Operational Technology
External attackers are constantly exploring vulnerabilities in OT systems. They exploit weak spots using increasingly sophisticated methods. Zero-day exploits, which are attacks targeting unknown vulnerabilities, present particular challenges as they can remain unnoticed until significant damage is done.

Malware Infiltration via External Hardware and Removable Media
Handling external hardware and removable media cautiously is essential. Malware can easily spread to OT systems through these means, leading to system malfunction or data theft. Ensuring robust security protocols for handling such devices is important to safeguard your systems.

Remote Access Trojan (RAT) Risks
RATs grant attackers unauthorized access to OT systems by exploiting remote connections. This allows them to control and manipulate system functions. Implementing strict access controls is key to preventing such intrusions.

Feel free to read more about OT cyber security threats here. 

Network-Based Threats to Industrial Control Systems
Network vulnerabilities can leave industrial control systems exposed to threats. These can include Man-in-the-Middle attacks and unauthorized access, potentially leading to manipulation of processes. Regular monitoring and vulnerability management can help address these issues.

DDoS Attacks and IoT-Botnets
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks overwhelm OT systems, causing outages. IoT devices can be exploited to form botnets, amplifying the impact. Keeping devices secured and updated is vital in mitigating these attacks.

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs)
APTs are extended cyber-attacks focused on specific targets. These complex threats often deploy multiple attack vectors over time. Risk-based vulnerability management is crucial for detecting and mitigating APTs before they cause significant damage.

What Is OT Infrastructure?

When exploring Operational Technology (OT) infrastructure, you discover systems designed to monitor and control industrial operations. These infrastructures comprise hardware, software, and devices tailored to manage physical processes and machinery.

Core Components

• Controllers: Devices such as PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers) that automate tasks.
• Sensors: Tools that gather data from the physical environment.
• Actuators: Devices that convert signals into physical actions.

Functionality
OT infrastructure often exists in environments like manufacturing, energy, and transportation. It enables real-time monitoring and adjustments, ensuring operations run smoothly. Unlike IT systems that handle data, OT focuses on the physical world.

Networking and Security
You might find different protocols in OT network compared to IT systems. Security is crucial since these systems often control critical infrastructure. Ensuring reliability and safety are key priorities in OT environments.

Applications
OT can be seen in various sectors. For instance, it keeps factories running efficiently, manages transportation systems, and controls utilities. Each application requires specific configurations and technologies.

Engaging with OT infrastructure means understanding its unique focus on the physical aspects of technology, emphasizing operational effectiveness and safety.

Examples of OT Systems

Operational Technology (OT) systems interact directly with the physical world. In your everyday environment, you might encounter them in manufacturing plants or energy facilities.

Manufacturing: In a factory, OT systems could include robotics or conveyor systems. These technologies streamline production, ensuring efficiency and safety.

Utilities: Think of power plants or water treatment facilities. Here, OT devices like sensors and control systems monitor flows and conditions to maintain operations.

Transportation: In transportation, operational technology systems are crucial. Traffic signals, automated trains, or airport conveyor belts rely on OT to function smoothly.

Healthcare: OT plays a role in medical technology as well. Hospital equipment like MRI machines or automated medication dispensers use OT to deliver precision and care.

Here’s a short list of common OT devices you might find:

• Sensors and actuators
• Robotics
• Industrial control systems
• Building automation systems

These examples highlight how operational technology systems are fundamental to running and maintaining large-scale operations across various industries. Their direct interaction with physical processes makes them indispensable in ensuring smooth, efficient, and safe operations.

OT Components: IoT and Industry 4.0

In the world of operational technology, the Internet of Things (IoT) and Industry 4.0 are driving transformative changes. IoT enables real-time data collection and control, while Industry 4.0 integrates IT with OT to enhance efficiencies.

What Is IoT?

The Internet of Things (IoT) involves connecting everyday physical devices to the internet, allowing them to send and receive data. This network of interconnected equipment spans everything from smart home devices to complex industrial machinery. The core idea is to enable seamless machine-to-machine communication, enhancing automation and data-driven decision-making.

In OT settings, IoT components usually include sensors, actuators, and software that help monitor and manage processes. The real-time data collected enables predictive maintenance and improved efficiency.

Impact on OT Systems

IoT significantly affects OT systems by increasing connectivity and data flow. You can achieve machine-to-machine communication, allowing various OT components to interact without human intervention. This connectivity leads to smarter operations and assists in predictive maintenance, reducing downtime and operational costs.

You’ll notice that the integration of IoT in OT systems leads to greater transparency and visibility into operations. Data-driven insights enable more informed decision-making, improving overall process control and safety.

What Is IIoT?

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is an extension of IoT principles into industrial settings. Unlike consumer IoT, which focuses on convenience and efficiency, IIoT targets large-scale industrial processes. It encompasses advanced sensors, cloud computing, and analytics applied in industries like manufacturing, oil and gas, and transportation.

With IIoT, you gain advanced capabilities like real-time monitoring and proactive maintenance. The emphasis on data analytics helps improve operational efficiency, enhance safety, and reduce costs, revolutionizing traditional industrial operations.

What Is Industry 4.0?

Industry 4.0 represents the next phase of industrial revolution that combines advanced manufacturing techniques with smart technology like IoT and IIoT. It’s a blend of physical production and smart digital technology integrating cyber-physical systems, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence.

In the context of OT, Industry 4.0 emphasizes the fusion of OT and IT systems, facilitating interconnected manufacturing processes. This convergence ensures smoother communication between machines, enabling autonomous systems and smarter production capabilities. Through Industry 4.0, you can expect improved productivity and flexibility in production processes, leading to greater innovation.

Understanding Industrial Security

When you’re dealing with industrial security, ensuring the safety and integrity of operational technology (OT) is key. OT security focuses on protecting systems that control and monitor critical infrastructure, ensuring they remain safe from cyber threats.

Remote access to these systems plays a crucial role in modern OT environments. Secure remote access allows technicians to monitor and maintain systems without being physically present. This reduces downtime and increases efficiency but requires robust security measures to prevent unauthorized access.

In industrial security, some key elements include:

• Access Control: Establish policies to restrict access to sensitive areas and devices.
• Network Segmentation: Separate OT networks from IT networks to limit damage from potential breaches.
• Monitoring: Continuous monitoring for unusual activities helps detect and respond to threats swiftly.

Implementing strong security measures helps protect essential services, such as power grids and manufacturing plants. Pay special attention to securing communication channels and devices that connect operational technology systems to the outside world.

Remember, industrial security is about proactive strategies to protect your systems. Friendly collaboration with IT counterparts and awareness of potential threats will go a long way in keeping your operational technology safe.

What Is Industrial Security Management?

Industrial Security Management is about protecting your operational technology (OT) environments from potential threats. It involves strategies and practices to safeguard critical assets such as machinery and data. As industries embrace digital transformation, this practice becomes essential to prevent unauthorized access and disruptions.

In industrial settings, OT systems are often integrated with IT systems. This convergence brings unique security challenges, as operational technology systems were traditionally not designed with cybersecurity in mind.

You might have heard of the Purdue Model, a standard framework for organizing industrial systems into levels. This model helps you understand how data flows within your organization and where security controls should be implemented. Each level represents a different layer of your operations, from production floor equipment to business logistics.

Key Aspects of Industrial Security Management:

• Access Control: Ensures only authorized personnel can access specific systems.
• Network Security: Protects both internal and external communications.
• Incident Response Planning: Prepares your team to efficiently handle security breaches.
• Data Integrity: Safeguards against tampering with sensitive information.

Monitoring and regular audits of your security protocols are vital. By doing this, you can identify vulnerabilities and adjust your security strategies as necessary.

Industrial Security Management isn’t just about implementing technology solutions. It’s also about creating a security-aware culture among your workforce. Encouraging regular training and awareness programs can significantly enhance your facility’s safety.

OT Components: SCADA

SCADA, or Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition, is essential for monitoring and controlling industrial systems. Its importance lies in the efficient management of operations and ensuring the safety of critical infrastructure. With the digital age, securing operational technology and SCADA systems has become increasingly significant due to various cybersecurity threats. 

What Is A Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) System?

A SCADA system is a collection of hardware and software components enabling industrial organizations to maintain efficiency, manage data, and make decisions. These systems gather real-time data from sensors and devices across various locations.

They relay this data to a central control hub. By processing this information, you can monitor and control processes such as power generation and distribution.

SCADA systems operate in complex environments where reliability and redundancy are critical. These allow industries like manufacturing, utilities, and transportation to remotely manage operations and quickly respond to changes or anomalies.

What Is SCADA Security?

SCADA security focuses on protecting the hardware and software that make up SCADA systems from unauthorized access and other threats. Given the critical nature of these systems in controlling essential infrastructure, securing them is imperative to prevent disruptions.

It involves implementing various measures such as firewalls, encryption, and intrusion detection systems. These layers of protection help ensure that only authorized personnel have access to the systems and that data integrity is maintained at all times.

Additionally, SCADA security also involves regular updates and monitoring to detect and address vulnerabilities swiftly. As cyber threats evolve, staying proactive in securing these systems is crucial.

What Are Some Examples Of SCADA Attacks?

SCADA systems have been targets of several notable cyber attacks over the years. One infamous example is the Stuxnet worm, which was discovered in 2010. It targeted the SCADA systems of an Iranian nuclear facility, causing significant damage.

Other attacks include the 2015 Ukrainian power grid attack, where hackers disrupted electrical distribution, resulting in widespread power outages. These incidents highlight the importance of robust SCADA security measures.

In each case, attackers exploited system vulnerabilities to gain control or disrupt operations. Such attacks can have severe consequences, including financial losses and threats to public safety. Securing SCADA systems remains a high priority for industries relying on these technologies.

OT Processes

When you’re exploring operational technology (OT) processes, it’s all about how various systems interact with the physical world. These processes often involve monitoring and control of machinery and infrastructure.

In industrial settings, for example, operational technology systems manage equipment such as sensors, pumps, valves, and robots. These elements work together to ensure everything runs smoothly and efficiently.

Imagine OT processes as the silent guardians of industrial operations. They’re behind the scenes, making real-time adjustments based on data from sensors and other input devices. This helps regulate temperatures, pressures, and other critical factors to keep everything on track.

You might encounter OT in industries like manufacturing, utilities, and transportation. In these areas, the focus is on maintaining performance, reliability, and safety. Think of OT as the nervous system of a factory, orchestrating processes and protecting against disruptions.

To sum it up, OT processes are essential for maintaining the optimal function of physical devices. They’re designed to work silently and efficiently, so all systems operate within their intended parameters. As you delve deeper, you’ll notice that OT ensures the seamless integration of hardware and software to manage tasks that directly impact the physical world.

Implementing An Operational Technology (OT) Security Program

Starting an OT security program helps safeguard critical systems in industries like manufacturing and energy. Focus on integrating cybersecurity and OT processes. Communication and collaboration between IT and OT teams is key. You will want a strategy that fits your unique operational needs.

Recommended practices are crucial. Begin with a risk assessment to understand vulnerabilities. Then, develop incident response plans tailored to address these risks. Regular training for your team will improve their response to potential threats.

Create tailored security control baselines by specifying controls for each piece of machinery or device. You’ll tailor these based on factors like devices’ importance and the likely risks they face. Baselines simplify managing security across diverse OT environments.

Consider network segmentation to isolate critical systems. Segmentation limits unauthorized access and minimizes the impact of potential breaches. Additionally, ensure continuous monitoring to detect any anomalies quickly.

Lastly, maintain regular updates and conduct audits. This guarantees your security measures address emerging threats. Share insights and collaborate with industry peers to stay informed about best practices and innovations in OT security.

OT Security Best Practices

To effectively secure Operational Technology (OT) systems, it’s crucial to implement specific protocols and OT security best practices, focus on critical infrastructure protection, maintain robust governance structures, and understand the unique needs of various sectors. By doing so, you enhance the safety and reliability of these essential systems.

Protocols

Security protocols in OT environments are vital for protecting data and systems. You should adopt protocols specifically designed for OT, such as Modbus TCP/IP, BACnet, and DNP3, which cater to the unique requirements of OT systems. Regularly update these protocols to address vulnerabilities and ensure compatibility with evolving technologies.

Implement network segmentation to isolate OT network from IT network. Use firewalls and intrusion detection systems to monitor traffic and prevent unauthorized access. Encryption techniques should also be employed to protect data integrity and confidentiality during transmission.

Critical Infrastructure

Operational technology systems form the backbone of critical infrastructure, which includes sectors like energy, transportation, and water supply. You need to implement robust security measures to protect these systems from cyber threats. Conduct regular risk assessments to identify vulnerabilities and prioritize areas requiring enhanced security controls.

Establish incident response plans to effectively address security breaches or disruptions. Collaborate with government agencies and industry partners to share intelligence and best practices for protecting critical infrastructures. By doing so, you bolster the resilience of these essential systems against potential threats.

Governance

Effective governance is the cornerstone of successful OT security management. It’s essential to develop comprehensive policies and procedures that outline security responsibilities and practices. Regularly review and update these policies to reflect changes in technology and threat landscapes.

Involve all stakeholders, including management, IT, and OT personnel, in security discussions and decision-making processes. Provide ongoing training and awareness programs to ensure all employees understand security protocols and their roles in protecting OT systems. Clear communication and documented procedures promote accountability and enhance security efforts.

Sectors

Each OT sector has unique security needs based on its operations and technologies. For example, manufacturing plants require security controls to safeguard machinery and robotics, while power grids prioritize protecting energy distribution systems. Customize security strategies to align with the specific requirements of each sector.

Conduct sector-specific risk assessments to identify vulnerabilities and tailor solutions accordingly. Collaborate with industry peers to share insights and effective practices. By understanding the distinct challenges and requirements of each sector, you can better protect operational technology systems and ensure their safe, reliable operation.

OT Security Solutions

Operational Technology (OT) plays a crucial role in connecting the physical and digital worlds. Implementing the right OT security solutions is essential for protecting these systems from potential threats and vulnerabilities.

Choosing an Operational Technology (OT) Solution

When selecting an OT security solution, consider the unique challenges in your environment. Focus on integrating security measures that address both the monitoring and controlling of physical processes. Evaluate solutions based on their ability to offer real-time threat detection, risk management, and OT security compliance with industry standards. Prioritize those that provide robust support for existing infrastructure, ensuring minimal impact on performance and reliability.

1. Claroty

Claroty is a prominent OT security provider known for its comprehensive threat detection and vulnerability management capabilities. With a focus on industrial control systems, 

Claroty offers tools that seamlessly integrate with existing infrastructure to protect critical assets. Its platform provides deep visibility into network traffic, enabling you to identify potential threats swiftly. 

The solution’s continuous monitoring features help maintain a secure environment by alerting you to unusual activities. Claroty’s interface is user-friendly, designed for easy deployment with minimal operational disruption.

2. Armis.com

Armis.com provides OT security with a focus on asset visibility and control. It tracks every device within your network, ensuring you have a comprehensive understanding of what’s connected and where vulnerabilities might exist. 

Armis’s approach highlights passive monitoring, which means no additional traffic is generated on your network. This helps prevent any unplanned downtime or disruptions. You can take advantage of automated threat detection that responds to incidents in real-time. These features make Armis.com a powerful ally in the protection of sensitive environments.

3. Darktrace Unified OT Protection

Darktrace’s Unified OT Protection leverages artificial intelligence to defend against both known and unknown threats. Its self-learning capabilities mean it can adapt to changes in your OT environment, providing dynamic security tailored to your needs. 

The platform offers insights through its intuitive interface, highlighting potential threats in an easily digestible format. With strategic AI-driven countermeasures, Darktrace emphasizes proactive risk management. This ensures your systems are safeguarded from unauthorized access and potential disruptions. The solution can be integrated seamlessly, augmenting existing security infrastructure with minimal intervention.

Recommended OT Security Trainings: Building A Skilled Workforce

Developing a skilled workforce in OT security requires targeted training programs that highlight critical areas.

1. Understanding OT Components: You’ll benefit from courses that cover key OT devices such as sensors, machines, and control systems. This foundational knowledge is essential.

2. Cybersecurity Principles: Familiarizing yourself with cybersecurity fundamentals ensures you can better safeguard OT environments.

3. Hands-On Workshops: Participating in workshops focused on the detection and management of security threats can greatly enhance your skills.

Taking the initiative to learn and apply zero-trust frameworks can be especially useful. This approach helps minimize vulnerabilities.

4. Industry Certifications: Consider pursuing certifications like the Certified Information Security Manager (CISM) or Certified SCADA Security Architect (CSSA). These credentials are valuable in demonstrating your expertise.

Engage with network mapping exercises to understand how different components interact within your systems.

5. Continuous Learning: Stay updated with the latest trends and technologies in OT by attending webinars and reading relevant publications.

Remember, your dedication to gaining expertise in OT security benefits both your professional growth and organization.

How to Start a Career in OT Security: Your Roadmap to Success

The operational technology (OT) security landscape is heating up. Cybersecurity professionals are in high demand. Organizations need experts who can protect critical infrastructure from evolving threats.

The numbers tell a brutal story:

• $90,000: Average U.S. salary for OT security professionals
• 41%: Projected market growth through 2027
• $23.7 Billion: Market value by 2027
• 140%: Increase in cyber-attacks targeting industrial operations

Waterfall’s chilling report reveals the stakes. Over 150 industrial operations have been hit. Critical infrastructure is vulnerable. Hackers are hunting for weak points in power grids, manufacturing plants, and utility systems.

This isn’t just a job. It’s a critical mission to protect the infrastructure that keeps society running.

Understanding the Opportunity

OT security isn’t just another tech job. It’s a critical mission protecting power grids, manufacturing plants, and essential services. The stakes are high. One vulnerability can trigger massive disruptions.

In 2025, the career prospects look promising with salaries ranging from $95,000 to $170,000 per year. Top 10 High-Paying OT Cybersecurity Jobs reveal exciting opportunities with competitive salaries. From SCADA security specialists to industrial control system analysts, the field offers diverse career paths.

Essential Skills for Success

To break into OT security, you’ll need a unique skill set. [Top 10 Skills You Need to Land a High-Paying OT Cyber Security Job] highlights the critical competencies:

• Deep understanding of industrial control systems
• Network security expertise
• Risk assessment capabilities
• Advanced threat detection skills
• Knowledge of industrial protocols

Education and Certification Path

Your journey starts with solid foundational knowledge. Consider these steps:

1. Get a cybersecurity or engineering degree
2. Pursue specialized OT security certifications
3. Build hands-on lab experience
4. Network with industry professionals

Certifications like Certified SCADA Security Architect (CSSA) can set you apart. [Cybersecurity Job Interview Preparation Tips] can help you showcase your skills effectively.

Practical Preparation

Preparation is key. Study Top 30 SCADA Technician Interview Questions and Answers to understand the technical depths of the field. Develop a home lab. Experiment with industrial control system simulations.

Career Progression

Your career isn’t a straight line. It’s a journey of continuous learning. OT Security Practitioner Careers emphasize the importance of adaptability. Stay curious. Keep learning.

Why OT Security Matters

Remember, you’re not just taking a job. You’re becoming a guardian of critical infrastructure. Top 10 Reasons to Pursue a Career in OT Security in 2025 highlights the meaningful impact of this role.

Your Next Steps

1. Build technical skills
2. Gain practical experience
3. Network with professionals
4. Stay updated on emerging threats
5. Pursue continuous education

Final Advice

Cybersecurity is more than a career. It’s a calling. The 7 Steps to Building a Successful Career in Information Security can guide your journey.

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Expert Guest

Julian Garcia – Subject Matter Expert

Julian holds a degree in mechanical engineering and has built over 20 years of expertise in cybersecurity, industrial systems, and data center design. He began his career at a Managed Security Services Provider (MSSP) before transitioning to the printing industry, where he worked as a network engineer at the New York Daily News. Over nearly a decade, he took on IT and OT infrastructure and cybersecurity responsibilities.

Julian’s diverse experience spans systems integration, retail, manufacturing, Managed Detection and Response (MDR), and incident response providers. At Claroty, he currently focuses on Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and advocates for the digital convergence of IT and OT. He is passionate about securing critical infrastructure and its role in shaping the future.

Julian excels at bridging the gap between technical solutions and client needs. He is dedicated to advising and guiding organizations through the challenges of protecting critical systems and ensuring a secure and resilient infrastructure.

Agenda:

1. Introduction of the parties
2. Discussion Topics
   • Business challenges related to integrating IT and OT
   • Have you integrated IT with OT?
   • Is the process still ongoing?
   • What is your endgame?
   • Does OT as an organization still exist, or has IT absorbed it?
3. Conclusions
4. Networking with Peers

The post When IT Inherits OT – Sponsored by Claroty on January 30th, 2025 appeared first on IT RoundTable.

Expert Guest

Keith Walsh – Subject Matter Expert

Keith has been working in the OT/ICS field since 2010, focusing on safeguarding and strengthening the lifecycle of critical infrastructure devices across sectors such as our electrical grid, healthcare and medical devices, transportation, aerospace, national defense, smart cities, and critical manufacturing.

Over the years, Keith has designed and implemented some of the world’s most significant and most secure IoT and OT device networks. As part of 1898 & Co., he is now dedicated to addressing the challenges organizations face in delivering on the promises of securing OT networks.

Agenda:

1. Introduction of the parties
2. Discussion Topics
   • The critical differences between IT and OT security and why they matter to your SOC
   • Common OT threats and vulnerabilities that your IT SOC is often unprepared for
   • Complimenting existing IT SOC personnel with 3^rd party OT Cyber Services
   • How to integrate OT-specific threat intelligence into your IT SOC
   • Real-world examples of OT incidents and the lessons learned in SOC response
3. Conclusions
4. Networking with Peers

The post Is Your IT SOC Built to Mitigate and Respond to OT Incidents? Sponsored by 1898 & Co on January 23rd, 2025 appeared first on IT RoundTable.